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Urine is made in the kidneys, and travels down two tubes called ureters to the bladder. The urinary bladder is a muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone. When it is empty, the bladder is about the size and shape of a pear. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and voluntary. The bladder is lined by layers of muscle tissue that stretch to accommodate urine. The desire to urinate generally begins when the bladder is about 25% full.

For the urine to exit the bladder, both the autonomically controlled internal sphincter and the voluntarily controlled external sphincter must be opened. When these muscles become weak or atrophied, incontinence can occur. During urination, the bladder muscles contract, and two sphincters (valves) open to allow urine to flow out. Urine exits the bladder into the urethra, which then carries urine out of the body. Because it passes through the penis, the urethra is longer in men (8 inches) than in women (1.5 inches).

Fun Facts

• The average human bladder will hold 13 ounces of urine.
• A full bladder is roughly the size of a soft ball.

Health Conditions

1. Bed-wetting (nocturnal enuresis) is defined as a child age 5 or older who wets the bed at least one or two times a week over a period of three months or longer.
2. Bladder cancer is a tumor in the bladder, usually discovered after blood is noticed in the urine.
3. Cystitis is inflammation or infection of the bladder causing chronic pain or discomfort.
4. Cystocele (fallen bladder) are weakened pelvic muscles (usually from childbirth) which allow the bladder to press on the vagina.
5. Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. (The urethra is the transport tube leading from the bladder to discharge urine outside the body.)
6. Dysuria (painful urination) is pain or discomfort during urination due to infection or inflammation of the bladder or external genitals. Take the Cystitis remedy.
7. Hematuria is blood in the urine.
8. Overactive bladder is when the bladder muscle (detrusor) contracts involuntarily, causing some urine to leak out.
9. Urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary urination, take the Cystitis or Cystocele remedy.
10. Urinary retention is when urine doesn't exit the bladder normally due to obstruction or suppressed bladder muscle activity. The bladder may swell to hold more than a quart of urine.
11. Urinary stones (calculi) may form in the kidney and travel down to the bladder. If calculi block urine flow through the bladder, they can cause severe pain.

Suggestions To Strengthen

• Eat less sugar.
• Make sure personal hygiene of genital area is maintained.
• Practice Kegel exercises.
• Uncircumcised men can have more trouble or pass it to their partner through sexual intercourse.

Emotional

Irritation is the emotion of the bladder. If you get irritated easily, it is a sign of bladder weakness. Stubbornness is also associated with the bladder. Both extremes of the emotion -- being too stubborn or not stubborn enough to stand up for yourself are signs of bladder weakness. Optimum health requires a balance between the two extremes.

Arteries are thick vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Except for the pulmonary artery, arteries are the carriers of oxygenated blood. The arterial vessels branch out into smaller arteries called arterioles which eventually connect with capillaries and deliver the oxygenated blood throughout the entire body. The main arterial trunk is the aorta which originates from the heart. The aorta then branches off to other arteries such as the coronary arteries (which supply the cardiac muscle), carotid arteries (which supply the head), subclavian arteries (which supply the neck and arms) and abdominal aorta (which supplies the abdomen and the legs).

The arterial system is the higher-pressure portion of the circulatory system. Arterial pressure varies between the peak pressure during heart contraction, called the systolic pressure, and the minimum, or diastolic pressure between contractions, when the heart rests between cycles. This pressure variation within the artery produces the pulse which is in any artery and reflects heart activity.

Arterioles, the smallest of the true arteries, help regulate blood pressure by the variable contraction of the smooth muscle of their walls, and deliver blood to the capillaries. Arterioles have the greatest collective influence on both local blood flow and on overall blood pressure. They are the primary "adjustable nozzles" in the blood system and are the place where the greatest pressure drop occurs. The combination of heart output (cardiac output) and systemic vascular resistance, which refers to the collective resistance of all of the body's arterioles, are the primary determinants of arterial blood pressure at any given moment.

Fun Facts

• If all the veins, arteries and capillaries were strung together, they could circle the globe two and half times.
• There are more than 60,000 miles of blood vessels in an adult body.
• The sound of a heartbeat is really the sound of the heart valves closing as blood is pushed through the heart chamber

Health Conditions

1. Atherosclerosis is when plaque builds up in the arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.
2. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), also called Coronary Artery Disease (restricted blood flow to the heart), Carotid Artery Disease (restricted blood flow to the brain), Peripheral Artery disease (restricted blood flow to the legs) and even Heart Attacks are all caused by Atherosclerosis, or plaque build-up in the arteries.
3. Strokes occur when a blood clot or ruptured artery or blood vessel interrupts blood flow to an area of the brain.

Suggestions To Strengthen

• Reduce saturated fat (animal fat, fried foods, etc.)
• Regular exercise keeps artery muscles strong.
• Keep the liver/blood clean.
• Give material items away with no expectation in return.
• Don't be a pack rat, get rid of the clutter you don't use.
• Consider oral chelation, possibly IV chelation, but only in very chronic cases.